Since then, the machine had been the center of a furious battle over copyright laws. The decision held that it was a fair use for libraries to make copies of articles used for scientific research. concluded that its copyrights were being infringed and thereby suing the U.S. Due to the machine’s accessibility, efficiency, and its capability to mass reproduce materials such as journals, excerpts, and books, there was an expanding practice of photocopying which led to the duplication of more articles and excerpts from more publications. To support our claim that Xerox machines were the main driving force for the revision, we examined the court case that was brought about immediately following the prevalence of the Xerox machine. This issue had been abundantly controversial and therefore needed further investigation, hence the onset of the revision of the Copyright Act. However, the libraries claimed that the photocopies were for research purposes and their rights to copy were protected by “fair use”. Copyright holders of scholarly journals claimed that the libraries had violated their copyrights and therefore should be charged for each photocopy they make. Subscriptions to these already specialized journals dropped as a result. Because of the reduced cost of making copies, scholars who would previously subscribe to journals began to photocopy articles from these journals in libraries instead. Massive photocopying had influenced mainly the publishers of scholarly journals. Interestingly, Xerox machines had not been a threat to copyrights in books. Librarians and educators protested that they should be allowed to photocopy anything, while authors and publishers were agitated about their works being pirated. The events that led up to Copyright Act of 1976 were centered on the tension between educational institutions and publishing companies. Our research led us to draw the conclusion that the Xerox machines exerted pressures on the government to make extensions and adjustments to the copyright laws, mainly the Copyright Act of 1976. We approached the questions from the perspectives of the publishers, the libraries and the court. We also examined specific court cases that had the most impact on the revision of the copyright laws. Machine by educational institutions and their effects on the publishers. We looked into the controversial uses of the Xerox ![]() Xerox machine triggered many copyright issues, and the conflicts between publishers and libraries in particular built up to a reexamination of copyright laws, prompting the society to make corrective measures. The ease of photocopying created tension in different industries’ definition of “fair use”. The photocopiers made it dramatically easier for people to make copies of printed materials. ![]() ![]() Xerox machine came into prominence in 1959, and the new development signaled the beginning of a series of revisions on the copyright laws. Meng Sung, Clyde Villacisneros, Stacy Hsueh, Rebecca Yang Description
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