![]() For example, hydrogen has got three isotopes, i.e. The physical properties of the isotopes are quite different and the chemical properties remain similar. Isotopes are distinct atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses within the same element. However, this idea is false because isotopes exist for many different elements. Although many subatomic particles have been identified, electrons, protons, and neutrons remain the fundamental particles.Īll of the atoms of the same element should have equal physical and chemical characteristics. The smallest unit of matter involved in chemical processes is the atom, however, even atoms are made up of other tiny particles like electrons, protons, neutrons, positrons, neutrinos, mesons, quarks, etc. Some of the considerable drawbacks of this theory are mentioned below: 1. The advancement of knowledge in the composition of matters gradually posed some limitations to Dalton’s atomic theory. The above explanation shows that Dalton’s atomic theory is no more applicable in its original form. The combining ratio may be simple or complex however, it is an integral ratio. For example, a nitrogen atom can be changed into an oxygen atom by bombarding by alpha-particles i.e.Ītoms can combine between themselves to give molecules. ![]() Nowadays atoms of one of the elements can be changed into the atoms of another element by nuclear reactions. The atoms of different elements may have the same mass number i.e. However, atoms of an element have identical chemical properties. We know an element may have different types of isotopes. Similarly, atoms of an element may be different in terms of mass number as well as physical properties. It has been found that an atom contains approximately forty subatomic particles. But, nowadays we know that atom is not the smallest particle of an element. According to Dalton’s theory of the atom, an element’s atom is its tiniest particle. However, this idea is currently being changed for a lot of reasons. The advancement of modern sciences has been significantly influenced by Dalton’s atomic theory. During combination, the atoms of one element are not changed into those of another element.
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